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 Object-oriented analysis and design

Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an application, system, or business by applying object-oriented programming, as well as using visual modeling throughout the software development process to guide stakeholder communication and product quality.

OOAD in modern software engineering is typically conducted in an iterative and incremental way. The outputs of OOAD activities are analysis models (for OOA) and design models (for OOD) respectively. The intention is for these to be continuously refined and evolved, driven by key factors like risks and business value.

Object-oriented analysis

The purpose of any analysis activity in the software life-cycle is to create a model of the system's functional requirements that is independent of implementation constraints.

The main difference between object-oriented analysis and other forms of analysis is that by the object-oriented approach we organize requirements around objects, which integrate both behaviors (processes) and states (data) modeled after real world objects that the system interacts with. In other or traditional analysis methodologies, the two aspects: processes and data are considered separately. For example, data may be modeled by ER diagrams, and behaviors by flow charts or structure charts.

Common models used in OOA are use cases and object models. Use cases describe scenarios for standard domain functions that the system must accomplish. Object models describe the names, class relations (e.g. Circle is a subclass of Shape), operations, and properties of the main objects. User-interface mockups or prototypes can also be created to help understanding

Object-oriented design

During object-oriented design (OOD), a developer applies implementation constraints to the conceptual model produced in object-oriented analysis. Such constraints could include the hardware and software platforms, the performance requirements, persistent storage and transaction, usability of the system, and limitations imposed by budgets and time. Concepts in the analysis model which is technology independent, are mapped onto implementing classes and interfaces resulting in a model of the solution domain, i.e., a detailed description of how the system is to be built on concrete technologies.

Important topics during OOD also include the design of software architectures by applying architectural patterns and design patterns with the object-oriented design principles.

 Fuente: https://en.wikipedia.org (Acceso 2 de marzo, 2024)

1. What is the main purpose of object-oriented analysis in software development?

a. Create implementation constraints
b. Create a model of functional requirements independent of implementation constraints
c. Design the final user interface
d. Write the final code directly

2. How does object-oriented analysis differ from other forms of analysis?

a. Object-oriented analysis considers only data, while traditional analysis considers processes
b. Object-oriented analysis organizes requirements around objects integrating behaviors and states
c. Object-oriented analysis does not use any modeling tools
d. Object-oriented analysis focuses on ER diagrams only

3. Which models are commonly used in Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA)?

a. Data tables and algorithms
b. ER diagrams only
c. Use cases and object models
d. Flowcharts and structure charts

4. What is the primary focus during Object-Oriented Design (OOD)?

a. Creating user stories
b. Applying implementation constraints to the analysis model
c. Generating random code snippets
d. Ignoring software architectures completely

5. During OOD, what are important topics for designing software architectures?

a. Using any random design without any patterns
b. Ignoring software platforms and performance requirements
c. Applying only architectural patterns
d. Applying design patterns and object-oriented design principles

6. What are the outputs of Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA) activities?

a. User stories
b. Analysis models
c. Final code
d. Use cases

7. How are concepts in the analysis model mapped in Object-Oriented Design (OOD)?

a. They are ignored completely
b. They are mapped onto implementing classes and interfaces
c. They are never implemented
d. They are only used for documentation

8. What is the intention behind continuously refining analysis and design models in OOAD?

a. To confuse stakeholders
b. To align with implementation constraints
c. To drive by risks and business value
d. To generate more paperwork

9. Which activity in OOD applies constraints to the conceptual model from OOA?

a. Creating user stories
b. Defining software architectures
c. Mapping concepts to implementing classes and interfaces
d. Applying implementation constraints

10. What do object models describe in Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA)?

a. User stories
b. Class relations, operations, and properties of main objects
c. Final code implementation details
d. Use cases